Super Green Ethanol is Possible.
There are growers
that can raise SAF Ethanol or Sustainable Aviation Fuel.
You will need an
agronomist for field inspection.
- You
may need to study firms like Shepard’s Grain, Frito Lay and others that
source food grains with sustainability.
-
Once the GREET model is modified to meet producer needs you should be
able to make good decisions.
- One
of your Ethanol plants might be ideal to raise internal rate of return
and allow you to offer an 80 cent to 90 cent per bushel premium for
Greener Corn Ethanol production.
- It
would also mean that CARB should be paying more for the Lowest Carbon
Super Green Ethanol.
-
Cover Crop would be most likely a menu option in certain parts of
country as critical decision are about No-till and High Efficiency
Fertilizers.
-
Also the $1.75 premium needs to be extended with more time to expand the
development of Super Green Ethanol.
-
Timelines must be readjusted to match the economic situation.
Exactrix® at Shelton, NE., with the
new "Follow Me" technology
When Solar and Wind Green Ammonia goes into
production locally other economic values are added. Producers can get the
production going at an economic and profitable level of Green Play
Ammonia.
- The
best possible solution allows producers to start with Exactrix Systems
that apply at .6 of the University recommendation of 1.2 lbs. N per
bushel. The stabilization with KTS and ATS from Tessenderlo Kerley and
other types of Thiosulfates are well known. These are common plant
nutrients that stabilize and allow Fall and Spring Banding preplant.
- The
important point about nutrients is to plan to use TAPPKTS plus Zinc and
TAPPS plus Zinc, Fall or Spring
-
Some Fertilizer Manufactures like TKI are promoting KTS and or ATS (Thiosulfates)
as a stabilizer…and KTS in wide temperature ranges does have good
storability.
- KTS
is a good product in cool weather. KTS is Potassium Thiosulfate, and KTS
is built by 5 manufacturers on the Great Plains.
- “We
have it and they don’t” thanks to our progressive fertilizer
manufacturers that believe in banding nutrients with ammonia of two
types, Aqua and Anhydrous.
-
Nitrous Oxide emission are also greatly reduced with KTS.
-
Nitrous Oxide is the other Green House Gas like CO2 and Methane. N20 in
agriculture contributes to 62 per cent of the total emissions. . The
material is 262 times more potent than CO2 and very hard to defeat or
recuperate the gas state material.
-
Considerable release Nitrous Oxide occurs because of tillage and surface
application of fertilizer.
All fertilizer
types need to be banded in high uniformity. Fertilizer is like seed ,
needs to be banded into the soil to reduce GHG.
Exactrix rates are
typically applied at .5 the cost of Pivot applied nitrogen…and KTS is a
nitrogen stabilizer in the band.
There are presently
about 4 million bushel of low carbon Corn that would apply along with
Milo.
We need wind and
solar Ammonia to go the next level. The Green Ammonia product is about
1,800 miles away in Nova Scotia. Green Ammonia is planned at several
locations across the US and Canada.
Included is a good
article on Nitrogen Stabilization. https://www.cropvitality.com/en/nitrification-inhibition
A Podcast is
included from No-till Farmer with Guy Swanson speaking.
Podcast…
Mitchell
Hora Shows producers how do it.
CARBON NEGATIVE. The corn Mitchell Hora no-tills in Washington, Iowa, has
a carbon intensity score of -10. A negative score helps the ethanol plant
offset its carbon footprint, and in the future, it could translate to a
tax credit for the ethanol plant and additional income for Hora. Photo
by: Mitchell Hora
No-Tiller's 7 Takeaways from Updated GREET Model
By Dan
Crummett and Noah
Newman posted on May 6, 2024 | Posted in Cover
Crops, Soil
Health
No-tillers who are growing corn have an excellent opportunity to cash in
on government demands to reduce the overall carbon intensity of the
biofuels industry. The Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, includes
the 45Z tax credit to incentivize the production of clean fuel. Beginning
Jan. 1, 2025, the new credit will reward renewable fuel producers for
lowering the carbon intensity (CI) score of their fuel. The
tax credit for the ethanol plants could mean additional income for
no-tillers with low CI scores, as 40% of the U.S. corn crop goes into
ethanol production.
On April 30, 2024, the federal government released an updated version of the
Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation
(GREET) model, called the 40B SAF-GREET 2024 model, which is
used to determine CI scores of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) feedstocks.
Washington, Iowa, no-tiller Mitchell Hora is the founder of Continuum Ag.
The soil health data intelligence company developed software that
automates the GREET model to calculate a farm’s CI score. Hora shares his
7 key takeaways from the updated GREET model:
1. Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC): “There
was a huge unexpected positive outcome regarding ILUC in the IRS Rules. I
was anticipating that the ILUC factor (historically 7.4CI points US
corn-based ethanol) would go up by 5 points or worse. Luckily, this was
not the case and corn-based ethanol shows a lot of promise in the future
of sustainable fuels.
2. Feedstock Calculator: “Unfortunately,
we haven’t seen an update to the GREET feedstock calculator. This absence
raises concerns, especially considering its significance in quantifying
the carbon intensity score of various feedstocks. While it’s
disappointing, it highlights the urgency of advocating for its release
before the implementation of 45Z. Our industry relies heavily on accurate
data and tools, and the absence of an updated calculator presents a
significant challenge that we must address collectively. “In lieu” of
using the GREET feedstock calculator, the 40B rules used a ‘punt’ approach
and are allocating a simple 10 CI point reduction for farms using cover
crop, no-till, and enhanced efficiency fertilizer. They grant a 5 CI point
reduction for soybean producers using cover crops and no-till. Hopefully
45Z will use the real CI reduction rather than this oversimplified
approach.
WATCH: Mitchell Hora hosts a webinar about the updated 40B SAF-GREET model
for calculating CI
scores, and breaks down what it means for 45Z.
3. Definitions of Climate-Smart Ag Practices: “On
a positive note, we’ve received clear definitions of climate-smart ag
practices. While this doesn’t compensate for the lack of a feedstock
calculator update, it provides valuable guidance for farmers. Cover crop,
No-Till, and enhanced efficiency fertilizers are highlighted as key
practices to be deemed climate smart.
-
Cover Crop: “The
base rules go with flexibility toward cover crop species and
planting/termination timing, as long as the farmer adheres to NRCS
guidelines. Options for interseeding, companion cropping, haying and
grazing exist, but harvesting covers for seed is restricted.
-
No-Till: “Per
these new rules, No-Till doesn’t necessarily mean no tillage. Per the
guidance, No-Till now includes leaving residue evenly distributed over
soil surfaces, with exceptions for the planting furrow (aka strip-till
is fine). Burning residue is prohibited.
-
Enhanced Efficiency
Fertilizer: “This
practice requires the use of stabilizers on at least 50% of nitrogen
content, with a written plan for NPK management. Approved stabilizers
have to be used and we are researching these university derived lists
now.
4. Mass Balancing for Traceability: “The
unexpected emphasis on traceability by the IRS caught many by surprise.
However, the guidelines laid out provide a solid framework for ensuring
the accountability of climate-smart grains in sustainable aviation fuel
production. By tracking the movement of loads and maintaining detailed
documentation, the traceability of climate-smart grains throughout the
supply chain is ensured. Additionally, the requirement for each entity
storing grain to conduct its own mass balance equation ensures
transparency and accountability at every stage of the process. I need to
learn a lot more in this arena, but the rules appear promising.
5. Restrictions
on Stacking Carbon Outcome Programs: “Another unexpected development
was the IRS’s stance on stacking carbon intensity programs with other
carbon credit programs. While this may come as a disappointment to some,
it clarifies the boundaries between different types of carbon initiatives.
The IRS laid out a “farmer attestation” document (we anticipated needing
one of these and have been working on it for months) but the farmer must
also attest that they are not in any other carbon programs. Although it
would have been nice to stack, I wasn’t confident the IRS would allow for
it, now we have clarity.
6. Other
CI-Reducing Pathways: “The 40B GREET model introduces various pathways
for reducing carbon intensity beyond purchasing low-carbon feedstock. From
carbon capture and storage (CCS) to utilizing renewable energy systems,
there are numerous avenues available for reducing carbon intensity scores.
While the impact of on-farm practices may not be as significant in this
version of the GREET model, it highlights the importance of exploring
diverse strategies to achieve carbon intensity reductions. This is the
first time that the IRS is using the GREET model for tax credit purposes
and the first time that the government is directly rewarding the noted
soil health practices as part of their climate goals.
7. Preparation
for 45Z: “As we navigate through the intricacies of the 40B rules and
GREET updates, it’s important to keep our sights set on the implementation
of 45Z. With its rollout coming soon, we must take proactive measures by
knowing your CI Score and organizing/verifying your data to make sure the
opportunity is maximized.”
With 45Z, Hora believes corn growers have an unprecedented opportunity to
share in what many would term an industrial tax credit windfall.
“This is one of today’s biggest opportunities in ag — particularly
conservation ag,” he says. “The folks with data — the agronomist, the team
around each farmer — we all need to be working together with the folks at
the biofuel facility to go after these credits together. Let’s maximize
this opportunity and make certain we have an equitable share of those
dollars throughout the ag supply chain, with farmers who are contributing
getting paid their fair share.”
The big influencers for lowering a crop’s CI include cover crop use,
reduced tillage or No-Till, nitrogen fertilizer use, field-by-field yield
figures, diesel fuel consumption throughout the crop’s season and overall
energy use. These practices likely sound familiar to no-tillers using them
to build soil health and lower costs — and an operation’s carbon
footprint.
“We need to document all of these practices to determine — and lower — our
production CI score,” Hora says. “The better the score, the more you help
the biofuel company meet its goals, the more credits it can earn, and the
more money they could pass along to you. When an ethanol plant buys our
family’s corn to produce ethanol, we are selling them carbon-negative
corn, which offsets the plant’s carbon footprint. Now they are producing
very low CI-score ethanol, which qualifies for the 45Z tax credit of $0.02
per gallon per CI point reduction.”
The corn on Hora's family farm has a CI score of -10, which is likely
worth $500 an acre growing 240-bushel yields.
“That’s the total pie,” he says. “I’m not going to get $500 per acre, and
the ethanol guy is not going to get $500 per acre. But if we aren’t
willing to negotiate, neither of us will get anything.”
At 250 bushels per acre, $500 indicates a “pie” of $2 per bushel, Hora
says.
“I don’t know what my cut is going to be,” he says. “I don’t think I
should get 10 cents, and I don’t think I’m going to get $1.90, but it will
be somewhere in the middle.”
Related Content
Low-Carbon Corn Could
Yield Serious Cash for No-Tillers
[Podcast]
Carbon-Negative Corn, Weekly Soil Sampling & More with Mitchell Hora of
Continuum Ag
Continuum Ag's Billion
Bushel Challenge Raises Awareness about Low-Carbon Corn
Your Great Plains Reporter.
Guy Swanson
Exactrix® Global Systems LLC
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